Amendment article 1, paragraph 4 in paragraph 4 of article 1 of the protocol, for the words. The protocol makes three key improvements to the tokyo convention, including the clarification of the definition of unruly behavior, the extension of jurisdiction over inflight incidents, and the recovery of costs stemming from unruly passenger behavior. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. The fund, which is being hosted in montreal by canada, is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year. Odss are also greenhouse gases that contribute to the radiative forcing of climate change.
The multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol was established in 1991 by the parties to the. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. On offences and certain other acts committed on board aircraft montreal, 2014 the contracting states, noting that states have expressed their concern about the escalation of the severity and frequency of. Adopted in 1987, the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer legally enforces the phaseout of the production and use of ozone depleting substances chemicals often used in refrigeration, airconditioning, foam manufacturing, aerosol production, and fire extinguishing the treatys financial mechanism, the multilateral fund for the implementation. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer a protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. The original of this protocol, of which the arabic, chinese, english, french. Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts. The montreal protocol is an international environmental agreement with universal ratification to protect the earths ozone layer by eliminating use of ozone depleting substances ods, which would otherwise allow increased uv radiation to reach the earth, resulting in higher incidence of skin cancers and eye cataracts, morecompromised immune.
The considerable quantified public health benefits of reductions in uv radiation are of. Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer pdf 736kb plain language summary the montreal protocol is the international agreement that ensures the protection of the earths ozone layer through the global phaseout of ozonedepleting substances ods. Today the montreal protocol is still seen as a model of an innovative and dynamic response made possible by the concerted efforts of a wide range of stakeholders such as scientists, policymakers, economists, engineers, and lawyers. Argentina montreal protocol hydrochlorofluorocarbons hcfc phaseout project english abstract. The meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol is in effect the agreements governing body. The parties to this protocol, being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer. The working group arrived at general recommendations, namely, good practice recovery and recycling, service practices and maintenance, supporting infrastructure, and training projects shoud be considered for implementation early on in all refrigeration.
The montreal protocol is widely heralded as a success story both in terms of achieving its direct aims in ods phaseout targets and the resultant curbs in ozone depletion, and consequent environmental and health benefits. Reducing ods use by developing countries in refrigeration english abstract. Languages, arabic, chinese, english, french, russian, and spanish. It unifies all of the different international treaty regimes covering airline liability that had developed haphazardly since 1929. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. A unique feature of the protocol is an adjustment provision that enables the parties to the protocol to respond quickly to new scientific information, in a bid to accelerate the reductions required on chemicals already covered by the protocol. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer as adjusted and amended by the second meeting of the parties london, 2729 june 1990 and by the fourth meeting of the parties copenhagen, 2325 november 1992 and further adjusted by the seventh meeting of the parties vienna, 57 december 1995.
It provides financial and technical support for developing countries to comply with the montreal protocols obligations. The montreal convention 1999 mc99 establishes airline liability in the case of death or injury to passengers, as well as in cases of delay, damage or loss of baggage and cargo. This comprehensive handbook outlines all amendments and decisions. As a result, in 1987, world leaders signed the montreal protocol, a global agreement for the phase. Amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that. Montreal protocol wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Receives and considers reports from the protocols science, environmental effects, and technology and economics assessment panels, set up to consider the latest state of zone sciences and technology so that the. Frequently asked questions and answers about the montreal protocol it includes information on general ozone science, policies and regulations, and future ozone protection. The protocol was agreed on september 16 th in 1987 and entered into force on january 1 st in 1989. Initially signed by 46 countries, the treaty now has nearly 200 signatories. The ozonaction fact sheet kigali amendment to the montreal protocol. The kigali amendment amends the 1987 montreal protocol that was designed to close growing ozone hole in by banning ozonedepleting coolants like chlorofluorocarbons cfcs. Fast action policies to protect people and the planet from extreme climate change, published by the.
The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Thus, amended montreal protocol which was initially conceived only to plug gases that were destroying the ozone layer now includes hfcs responsible for global warming. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. Protection of the ozone layer, it is the most universally ratified multilateral environmental agreement. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. Amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, copenhagen, 15 november 1992, annex iii of the report of the fourth meeting unepozl. Since that time, continued scientific study has led to the strengthening of this protocol, which has now been ratified by 196 countries1 unep, 2009. The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing. English twentyeighth meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer kigali, 1015 october 2016 report of the twentyeighth meeting of the parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer introduction 1.
Frequently asked questions and answers about the montreal. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. Hfc phasedown the parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this article and. The montreal protocols kigali amendment and associated energy efficiency efforts are at the leading edge of the tripleheaded climate strategy that is needed to meet the paris goals, as laid out in the recent report well below 2 degrees. It also contains provisions addressing such issues as coordination among states, due process and fair treatment, and the right to seek recovery under national law. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol is an international agreement. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was signed in 1987, under the auspices of the united nations environment programme unep, to gradually eliminate global consumption and production of ozonedepleting substances ods. The ozone layer is a part of the earths atmosphere that has relatively high levels of ozone o3.
Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer with annex. The montreal protocol identified both first generation and second generation ozone. The montreal protocol has proven to be innovative and successful, and is the first treaty to achieve universal ratification by all countries in the world. The original of this protocol, of which the arabic, chinese, english. Points 5 3 no points 1 3 2 2 6 30 copy cube velvet 1 st trial 2nd trial subject has to repeat them in the forward order subject has to repeat them in the backward order. The development objective of the montreal protocol hydrochlorofluorocarbons hcfc phaseout project for argentina is to support argentina in phasing out controlled ozonedepleting substances in accordance with the countrys obligations under the montreal. Montreal protocol, formally montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, international treaty, adopted in montreal on sept. Draft report of the twentyeighth meeting of the parties. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that. International day for the preservation of the ozone layer. The treaty was designed to restore the ozone layer by ending production of odss and by encouraging alternative.
The vienna convention and montreal protocol a history of strong action. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 6 a whether any substances, and if so which, should be added to or removed from any annex to this protocol, and b the mechanism, scope and timing of the control measures that should apply to those substances. Amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer adopted by the ninth meeting of the parties, montreal, 17 september 1997, unepozl. The original of this convention, of which the arabic, chinese, english. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer as adjusted andor amended in. The multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol provides funds to help developing countries to phase out the use of ozonedepleting substances. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer. Hi learners, we are starting people, development and environment unit9 of paper code00 or paper1 general of nta net and the topic of this video is on international agreementefforts montreal. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates. The montreal protocols financial mechanism that includes a multilateral fund is the first of its kind to be established. Frequently asked questions and answers the 20th anniversary of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer general science questions 1 what is the ozone layer and where is it in the atmosphere. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an important multilateral agreement regulating the production, consumption and emissions of ozonedepleting substances odss.
The city is centred on the island of montreal, which got its. International agreementefforts montreal protocol unit. Handbook for the montreal protocol on european federation for. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the most successful global environmental agreement in history. Montreal protocol sustainable development knowledge. Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Montreal protocol, officially the protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, treaty signed on sept. Originally founded in 1642 as villemarie, or city of mary, it is named after mount royal, the triplepeaked hill in the heart of the city. The 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozonedepleting substances odss. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting climate article pdf available in proceedings of the national academy of sciences 10412.
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